The Rules of Regular and Irregular Plurals

For most nouns, just add -s		For nouns ending in s, x, z, ch or sh, add -es
Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
hand	hands	box	boxes
rabbit	rabbits	pitch	pitches
key	keys	wish	wishes
clock	clocks	boss	bosses
football	footballs	buzz	buzzes
door	doors	glass	glasses

For some words ending in o, add -es		However, for some words ending in o, just add -s
Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
potato	potatoes	cello	cellos
tomato	tomatoes	disco	discos
hero	heroes	hairdo	hairdos
echo	echoes	logo	logos
banjo	banjoes	patio	patios
The plural of many words ending in o can be spelt with -s or -es.		photo	photos
		piano	pianos
		radio	radios

For some words ending in f, change the f to a v and add -es		However, for some words ending in f, just add -s
Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
half	halves	chef	chefs
loaf	loaves	cliff	cliffs
elf	elves	ref	refs
leaf	leaves	roof	roofs
self	selves	The plural of some nouns ending in f can be spelt using either variation.
shelf	shelves
thief	thieves
wolf	wolves

For some nouns ending in ife, change the f to a v and then add -s		For common nouns that end with consonant + y, change the y to an i and then add -es
Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
wife	wives	poppy	poppies
life	lives	fly	flies
knife	knives	penny	pennies
		spy	spies
		nappy	nappies
		sty	sties

Some nouns are the same in both singular and plural from		For some nouns, change other letters or just change the word completely!
Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
fish	fish	person	people
sheep	sheep	child	children
deer	deer	ox	oxen
tuna	tuna	foot	feet
salmon	salmon	tooth	teeth
trout	trout	goose	geese
		mouse	mice
		louse	lice
		man	men

lunes, 13 de enero de 2014

VERTEBRATES

Animals with an internal skeleton made of bone are called vertebrates. Vertebrates include fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals, primates, rodents and marsupials.

Although vertebrates represent only a very small percentage of all animals, their size and mobility often allow them to dominate their environment